A spatial panel statistical analysis on cultivated land conversion and chinese economic growth

The conflict between cultivated land protection and economic development has become increasingly acute in recent years. Despite, intensive researches made on this conflict, little attention has been paid to the spatial correlation of variables. In view of this, the paper introduces the spatial panel regression model to estimate, and test whether the relationship between economic growth and cultivated land conversion conforms to Kuznets curve. Research results show that the area of converted cultivated land in China exhibits strong spatial auto-correlation; the spatial panel model with time effect and fixed effect is more stable and significant than conventional panel mode, and that the relationship between economic growth and cultivated land conversion agrees with the inverted U-shape of Kuznets curve, with inflection point occurring when average per capita GDP reaches ¥31330.93 (calculated at comparable price of 1999). On the basis of analysis, it is suggested that the government, with a view to developing economy alongside protecting cultivated land, should attach more importance to land use and planning in the future, pay more attention to the spatial correlation of cultivated land planning in adjacent areas and make greater efforts to increase the input–output ratio of land.     

Restoration and management for cliff‐nesting birds in Mediterranean mining sites: the Sand Martin case study

Habitat enhancement for birds is frequently implemented during mine site restoration. Cliff‐nesting birds often colonize anthropogenic environments such as mining areas (aggregate sites and quarries for aggregate and cement production). Mining activity can compromise breeding success, causing cliff‐nesting birds to depend on the management and restoration of mining areas. The objective of our study is to assess the importance of mine site habitats for Sand Martin conservation and reconcile mining activity with breeding success in Mediterranean environments. We studied Sand Martin breeding habitat preferences in mining areas at three spatial scales. At the mining site scale, we compared 10 mining sites with Sand Martin burrows with 19 mining sites without burrows. At the colony scale (vertical structures with colonies), we evaluated the relationships between the number of breeding pairs, number of burrows, and colony characteristics within 30 distinct Sand Martin colonies. At the burrow scale, we compared the characteristics of the available vertical structure with the areas used by Sand Martins. At the mining site scale, Sand Martins preferred more surface of water bodies, shorter distances to flowing water, older sites, and mining sites which produce aggregates instead of cement. At the colony scale, Sand Martins preferred southwest orientations and stockpiles to vertical extraction faces. At the burrow scale, birds preferred the most vertical areas of the face. Our results support the need for effective habitat restoration and improved management for more effective Sand Martin conservation within mining areas. Simple interventions can enhance habitat quality and conservation of cliff‐nesting birds.     

Focus: Zoonotic Disease: The Practice of Science as the Pursuit of Knowledge

Choosing what scientific project to pursue is the most important decision that scientists at all levels continually face. Time devoted to a project can further desirable knowledge and advance a career or cost years in lost opportunity. Knowing what to consider before embarking on a specific scientific journey, as well as when to drop a project and change course, offers a way of practicing science that keeps us mindful of what is relevant at a given time and place while preserving our freedom to explore the most exciting findings. This article explores both the pressures that restrict this delicate decision-making process and the processes that scientists can apply to overcome those pressures. Above all else, as it turns out, we must still love the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake – and this love directly impacts our results.     

遗传学课程思政教育的探索与实践

课程思政对高校落实立德树人、实现人才培养目标具有重要的意义。在专业课中进行课程思政改革有助于探究高校专业课程中育人功能的发挥。遗传学是生命科学专业重要的基础课程,在生命科学知识体系的构建中具有重要作用。立足内蒙古农业大学示范课程改革的教学实践,我们重塑了教学目标,改革教学方法,挖掘遗传学课程中蕴含的思政元素,使德育教育深入教师心、学生心,贯穿于教学、教评全过程,使知识传授、能力培养与价值引领同向同行,以提升学生的综合素质。     

土壤健康的生物学表征与调控

如何有效判定土壤健康状态是实现农业绿色发展的基本问题。在现有的土壤健康评价体系中,很少考虑土壤生物在维持土壤健康方面的作用。基于此,本文论述了土壤健康的内涵,从土壤生物健康的角度,总结了土壤健康的生物学表征指标,阐述了土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤微食物网及蚯蚓对土壤健康的指示作用。基于上述生物指标,从作物和土壤管理等方面探讨了不同农田管理措施对土壤健康状况的调控途径,并对土壤生物健康的未来发展趋势进行了展望。本文旨在增强科学家和决策者对维护土壤生物健康的认识,充分发挥土壤生物在生态系统服务中的重要作用。     

盐渍化条件下土壤团聚体及其有机碳研究进展

土壤团聚体是土壤结构的基本单元,对改善土壤结构和增加土壤固碳具有重要作用。盐渍化导致的特殊土壤性质,如高盐分离子(主要为Na⁺)浓度、低有机质含量和较差的微生物条件等因素,对团聚体的形成和稳定产生障碍作用,因此探讨盐渍化土壤团聚体特征更具有重要性和特殊性。滨海湿地和内陆盐渍化沼泽湿地是盐渍化生态系统的重要组成部分。本文系统整理和总结了国内外盐渍化土壤团聚体及其有机碳的研究进展,并对上述两种盐渍化湿地生态系统中土壤团聚体研究进行了综述。土壤有机无机改良剂添加、耕作方式、植被类型、秸秆还田以及微咸水灌溉等农业措施对盐渍化土壤团聚体及其有机碳形成和稳定具有积极影响。最后提出了目前盐渍化土壤团聚体及其有机碳研究存在的问题和不足,并对未来的研究方向和热点进行了展望,为全面了解盐渍化土壤团聚体研究的最新成果和发展方向提供参考。     

Restoration and Science: A Practitioner/Scientist's View from Rare Habitat Restoration at a Southern California Preserve

Researchers reexamining the relationship between restoration science and practice report a continuing scientist‐practitioner gap. As a land manager with scientific training, I offer my perspective of the chasm and describe a restoration practice infused with as much science as the realities of limited budget and time allow. The coastal sage scrub (CSS) restoration project at Starr Ranch, a 1,585 ha Audubon preserve in southern California, combines non‐chemical invasive species control, restoration, and applied research. Our practices evolve from modified scientific approaches and the scientific literature. Results from experiments with non‐optimum replication (on effects of seed rates, soil tamping, and timing of planting) nonetheless had value for management decisions. A critical practice came from academic research that encouraged cost‐effective passive restoration. Our passive restoration monitoring data showed 28–100% total native cover after 3–5 years. Another published study found that restoration success in semiarid regions is dependent on rainfall, a finding vital for understanding active restoration monitoring results that showed a range of 0–88% total native cover at the end of the first season. Work progresses through a combination of applied research, a watchful eye on the scientific literature, and “ecological intuition” informed by the scientific literature and our own findings. I suggest that it is less critical for academic scientists to address the basic questions on technique that are helpful to land managers but rather advocate practitioner training in methods to test alternative strategies and long‐term monitoring.     

类风湿关节炎药物治疗的规范化及临床实践探析

目的：在前人研究基础上进一步调查和研究类风湿关节炎（RA）患者药物治疗的规范化状况。方法：对湘潭市中心医院2012年3月至12月门诊就诊的120例风湿关节炎患者进行问卷调查。内容包括患者个人资料、就诊及确诊时间、科室,随诊时间间隔以及改善病情抗风湿药（DMARDs）的应用情况。结果：类风湿关节炎药物治疗不规范,甲氨蝶呤是患者应用最多的DMARDs,占60％,其次为来氟米特（30％）、柳氮磺吡啶（5％）及羟氯喹（5％）。结论：51％以上的RA病人DMARDs治疗不规范,尤其是在县级基层医院。类风湿性疾病的规范治疗需要从早期诊断治疗,优化联合用药,个性化治疗,定期跟踪疗效等方面来规范。     

Preparing to Work with Big Data in Proteomics – A Report on the HUPO‐PSI Spring Workshop

The Human Proteome Organisation Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO‐PSI) was established in 2002 with the aim of defining community standards for data representation in proteomics and facilitating data comparison, exchange and verification. The 2013 annual spring workshop was hosted by the University of Liverpool, UK and concentrated on updating and refining the existing standards in the light of new methodologies and technologies. To control the inflation of file sizes, strategies for file compression, particularly for mzML files, were explored. Best practices for encoding information such as protein grouping and PTM localisation were refined and documented. Additional example files for the mzQuantML format were designed to provide support for selected reaction monitoring techniques. Enhancements to the PSI Common Query Interface (PSICQUIC) and PSI‐MI XML were discussed. Finally, the group engaged in discussion on how the existing work of the HUPO‐PSI can be leveraged by the Metabolomics Standards Initiative to improve the capture of metabolite data.     

“互联网+”发酵工程实操与虚拟仿真中试实验室平台的建设与探索

发酵工程是理工科高校生物工程学科领域的核心课程之一,是一门应用性、实践性极强的专业课程。该课程传统的实践模式已无法满足当前高校对大学生工程素质教育的需求。随着信息技术、自控技术的飞速发展,多层次、跨学科的“互联网+”教学已成为现今高等教育人才培养的新模式。本文中的发酵工程实操与虚拟仿真中试实验室平台以工程学为技术手段,通过“互联网+”将虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)技术、信息自动化控制技术、数据库与发酵过程控制有机地结合在一起,构建一个“虚实”结合的“多维”工程中试实验室平台,并以此作为抓手开展食品发酵技能训练课程工程素质教育教学的创新与探索。初步建设成果与前期教学效果表明,该实验室平台的建设对发酵工程及相关专业学生的实践动手能力有明显的提高,为后期建设积累了宝贵的经验及大量有价值的工程实训数据。